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What is Avelumab biosimilar research grade? Avelumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human protein ligand PD-L1 (B7-H1 or CD274, programmed cell death ligand 1), with potential antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity property. Avelumab is used for the treatment of several kinds of carcinoma. Avelumab biosimilar uses the same protein sequences as the therapeutic antibody of Avelumab. PD-L1 (B7-H1 or CD274, programmed cell death ligand 1) and PD-L2 (B2-DC or CD273, programmed cell death ligand 2) are the two ligands for the receptor PD-1 (CD279, programmed death 1). PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint molecule expressed on both tumor cells and certain immune cells. The binding of PD-L1 to its receptors PD-1 or B7.1 on activated T cells causes an inhibitory signal to suppress their production in the lymph nodes, thereby preventing immune responses to events such as pregnancy or autoimmune disease. This pathway is also utilized by cancer cells to evade the immune system through evasion of anti-tumor T-cell response. Furthermore, over-expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 has been linked to increased tumor aggressiveness and poorer prognosis. Avelumab binds directly and selectively to PD-L1 and blocks interaction with both PD-1 and B7.1 receptors, thus reinvigorates and enhances the body’s adaptive anti-cancer activity. Disrupting the PD-L1/B7.1 interaction may also enhance T-cell priming, which could result in increased duration of response and survival.